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CITIES OF THE
MAYAN
WORLD
M E X I C O
Mexico is different from the other countries in the Mayan World because of the large
amount of area. The terrain also changes from the very mountainous high altitude Chiapas
to the northern lowlands where hills are scarce. Chiapas also has rain forests which
slowly change to savannas as found in Tabasco. The cultural of the Maya changes from local
to local due to the separation by distance and the ceremony and rituals in each area are
different.
| Chiapas |
Campeche |
Tabasco | Yucatán | Quintana Roo
|
C H I A P A S :
The state of Chiapas is Mexico's southern-most state and is bordered by Oaxaca,
Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche. It also shares a border with Guatemala and has coastal
areas on the Pacific Ocean. Chiapas has some of the richest natural resources, mysterious
cities and archeological sites and colorful native culture in all of Mexico.
The state
stretches from the peaks of El Triufno and El Sumidero Canyon to the Agua Azul water fall,
Montebello Lakes on the border with Guatemala finally reaching the ancient and endangered
Lacandon rain forest. It is this contrast of mist covered mountains and tropical rain
forests that make Chiapas so special. breathtaking mountain scenery that dominates much of
the state.
Palenque, Yaxchilán and Bonampak three of the major Maya sites are also located here
along with Toniná and Izapa. The Maya of Chiapas are from different groups within the
civilization. They are Tzeltales, Tzotziles, Choles, Lacandones, Tzoques, Tojolabales,
Mames, Chujes, Cackchiquéles and Mochos. They are different and they are the same.
The state produces coffee, corn, cocoa, cattle-ranching, hydroelectric power, timber
and butterflies.
| Tuxtla Gutierrez |
San Cristobal de las Casas |
| Tapachula |
San Juan Chamula |
TUXTLA GUTIERREZ
The state capital and location of
the airport. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, is a modern city with over half million
population and all the services one would expect in a city this size. This
city has a central plaza which houses the government and many entertaining
events for travelers. The famous San Marcos Cathedral with its German style
musical tower is located here.
Chiapas also has a Regional Museum, City Theater, Convention Center, The "Miguel
Alvarez del Toro" Zoo and the "Fausto Medina" Botanical Garden.
Chiapas
SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CASAS
San Cristóbal is located in the middle of the Chiapas
Highlands about 2 hours from the airport in Tuxtla Gutiérrez. The city is
one of the oldest cities founded by the Spanish in the Americas, 1528.
Visiting San Cristóbal is worth the trip for the incredible old
colonial-style buildings painted in bright lively colors.
The city has a Main Square in the center which is surrounded by hotels, shops,
arches and the Municipal Palace. The city also has sights such as the Convent and Temple
of Santo Domingo, open air markets, and tours of the city itself.
Chiapas
TAPACHULA
Located in the corner of
the state near the border of Guatemala and the Pacific Ocean, Tapachula is a
business city. The city has thrived in coffee export and hosts a large
European and Asian population. In fact, Tapachula is considered to be a
place of importance in the national economy of Mexico. The city is exhibits
the typical style of Spanish built cities with a Central Park surrounded by
the Municipal Palace. The old Municipal Palace is now the House of Culture
for the city.
Chiapas
SAN JUAN CHAMULA
San Juan Chamula is a step back in
time and a look into the Maya of today. The town is the largest Maya
township of Chiapas with a population of over 40,000 Tzotziles. These Maya
speak Tzotzil one of the 31 Mayan languages.
This region is
known for its agriculture and ceremonial style of life which is a mix of Catholicism and
Maya beliefs. In fact, the old Catholic church, St. John the Baptist, is not part of the
Diocese because residents don't want priests in the church. They also wanted freedom to
perform various types of rituals.
Chiapas
Cities of the Mayan World
T A B A S C O :
The state of Tabasco
is located in the southeast of the Mexico and is bordered
by Campeche, Veracruz and Chiapas. Tabasco also has extensive coastal terrain next to the
Gulf of Mexico and shares a small border with Guatemala. Its climate is warm and humid
most of the year.
This State has wetlands and jungles teeming with wildlife, as well as a
vast and important prehispanic heritage. Tabasco seems to have been the site of many
civilizations in its history including the Olmec which flourished here from 900 to 400
B.C. and the Maya soon after. The ruins of Comalcalco and Pomoná are in Tabasco at
different ends of the state.
Part of the Usumacinta River, which was very important to the
Maya, runs through Tabasco. Gulf Coast beaches near Chiltepec and Frontera have lodging
for travelers as well as locations in the south such as Tapijulapa and
Teapa.
VILLAHERMOSA
Located in the northern part of the state Villahermosa is the
capital. A very beautiful city that was founded in 1596 and until 1599 was known as 'Saint
John the Baptist of the Victoria'. The Airport of Villahermosa is at about 12 miles from
the city.
The center of Villahermosa is closed to traffic and only pedestrians are
allowed. The center houses the Palace of Government and The Cathedral. Open air markets
abound and there are many shops and street type vendors. Other sites include the Museum of
Popular Culture, the Center of Interpretation and Coexistence with the Nature, better
known as YUMKA and the Olmec Museum La Venta.
Cities of the Mayan World
C A M P E C H E :
The State of is Campeche is located on the Yucatán Peninsula and is surrounded by the
States of Tabasco, Yucatán and Quintana Roo with a long coastline on the Gulf of Mexico.
Campeche was the first natural port discovered by Spaniards. Francisco Hernández
Córdoba arrived off the coast of Campeche in March of 1517. The state is the home of
large fishing fleets and agricultural interests and has some major centers of the Maya
such as Hochob, Edzná, Becán, Xpuhil, Chicanná and Calakmul. The world famous Calakmul
Biosphere Reserve is located near the ruins of Calakmul. Campeche is home to several small
yet important towns such as Hecelchakán and Champotón, Calkini and Becal which is the
center of the Panama Hat craft industry.
 Campeche City -
Located on the Gulf of Mexico Campeche City was originally called 'Villa and Puerto de
San Francisco de Campeche' which was changed to Campeche City in 1777.
The city was a major city in colonial times and was built before Merida in the Yucatan.
Since the city was one of the richest ports in the Americas during the 16th and 17th
centuries, it became the target of a host of famous pirates. Campeche City was attacked by
Francis Drake, John Hawkins, William Parker, the feared Henry Morgan and the Dutch Laurent
Graff among others.
Because of these raids Campeche was turned into a fort in 1704
including walls around the city with bulwarks and merlons. The interested visitor can
still see some of the sections today. The city also has museums such as the Maya Steles,
Fortification Historic Hall, Handicrafts, Regional, and Xmuch-Haltún Botanical Garden.
Cities of the Mayan World
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